The Beginning of the Obligation of Hijab

The hijab has always been more than an article of clothing. It is a command from Allah that reflects a woman’s faith, modesty, and identity. To understand when and how the obligation of hijab began, we need to look at both the Qur’an and the Sunnah, as well as the context in which these verses were revealed.

Revelation of Hijab in the Qur’an

The obligation of hijab was revealed gradually, as part of the broader guidance of Islam toward modesty for both men and women. The Qur’an first instructed men and women to lower their gaze and guard their chastity. Soon after, specific guidance was given to believing women on covering themselves.

In Surah An-Nur (24:31), Allah commands:

“And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their private parts and not expose their adornment except that which [necessarily] appears thereof and to wrap [a portion of] their headcovers over their chests.”

This verse instructed women to extend their headcovers (khimār) over their bosoms, ensuring that the upper body, hair, and beauty were not left exposed. This guidance connected the concept of modesty with dress and behavior.

In Surah Al-Ahzab (33:59), another layer was added:

“O Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to bring down over themselves [part] of their outer garments. That is more suitable that they will be recognized and not be abused.”

Here, Allah commanded believing women to wear a jilbāb (a loose outer garment) that covers the body when in public. The wisdom behind this was not only modesty, but also dignity and protection from harm in society.

The Role of the Sunnah

The Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ confirmed and clarified these verses. Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that when the verse in Surah An-Nur was revealed, the women of Medina tore their garments and covered themselves immediately. This shows the early Muslim women’s eagerness to obey and their deep understanding that hijab was a form of worship, not merely a cultural practice.

Other narrations describe how the wives of the Prophet ﷺ and women of the companions adhered strictly to these commands, setting a clear example for the rest of the Muslim community.

Spiritual and Ethical Dimensions of Hijab

The beginning of hijab was not just about fabric; it was about faith. The hijab represents a woman’s relationship with Allah and her willingness to submit to His command. By covering herself, she affirms that her worth is defined not by appearance, but by piety and character.

Ethically, hijab also reshaped the norms of society at the time. It created a culture of mutual respect, where interactions between men and women were guided by dignity and boundaries. This moral framework continues to be one of the key values that hijab represents today.

Social Impact of the Revelation

When the verses of hijab were revealed, they had a profound social effect. In a society where class and appearance could be exploited, hijab came as a source of equality and protection. By veiling, women were recognized as believers, not as objects of display.

This impact was especially important in Medina, where Muslims were establishing a new community. Hijab became part of the collective Muslim identity, distinguishing the women of Islam and highlighting their faith in both private and public life.